Yes, if you have Auto-Sync on, and you have all of those Google apps set to sync in the Settings>Accounts-Google>[your Google account] menu, then they will automatically and (almost) immediately sync with your Google account in the cloud.
In the Photos app, tap the Menu button, then Settings, then Auto Backup. If you turn that on, then any photo you take with your camera will get uploaded to your Google+ Photos in the cloud (previously known as Picasa), to the Auto Backup folder. You can set it to upload only when you have a wi-fi connection, in case you have a limited data plan.
As I mentioned before, other 3rd party apps may or may not sync to their own server in the cloud. So you can use a backup app like Helium (see the link in my previous post).