My Device: Samsung Galaxy S4 (Sprint)
I'm glad you fixed your issue. I also had a problem with mobile data. If I turned off wifi it would not switch over to mobile data. It seems to be quite common with this KitKat update. I can't testify to whether or not it worked prior to the 4.4 because I got it last week and the update was already on the phone. I can tell you that I'm positive the mobile data wasn't working until today. I tried everything -- turning on and off Airplane mode, calling Sprint to double-check that mobile data was enabled for my line, and making sure all of the settings were correct in the phone. To be honest, I still don't have the mobile data icon in the quick settings menu, it goes directly from the bluetooth icon to the reading mode icon. However, I can get to the mobile data settings the long way (through the settings menu).
I took it to a sprint service center yesterday, and they were VERY dismissive of me because the mobile network happened to be down when I walked in and they were being flooded with upset customers. I say "flooded" because the three of us that were in the store apparently were too much for the 3 employees to handle. I just left and decided to check more Android forums. I found one that suggested a Wipe Cache Partition and a Factory Reset.
How To Factory Reset Samsung Galaxy S 4 & Wipe Data
I backed up my device and then did the Factory Reset. I waited for it to update and then wiped the cache partition. Mobile data now works for me!
I'm not sure if both resets were necessary, it may have been fixed just from the Factory Reset, but it's what worked for me.
I hope this helps anyone with a similar issue. My apologies for the length. Hopefully Android will fix KitKat soon!