I don't have a Samsung, but I came to these forums to see if there was any discussion or solution to this annoyance? I was a Windows phone user for about 7 years before switching to a Sony Xperia device about 6 months ago, and I am actually having the same exact experience with the volume warning with Android as I did with Windows.
I normally listen to music in my car either with an auxiliary cable or via Bluetooth, but in either case, I have to max out the phone's volume level just to get it to play at the same level as music on the radio. I don't see this warning often, but I've seen it come up twice in the past week, which prompted my search here today. Here is a description of my experience the past few years on both operating systems.
The initial attempt to turn the volume up will, at a certain level, prompt a warning about hearing damage at loud volume. After clicking OK, I rarely see the message again, but when I do, it is very annoying. It doesn't pop up the warning when I'd expect it to, such as when I'm actually changing the volume level. It pops up the warning randomly when I'm already listening to something at the phone's maximum volume, and the phone will automatically lower the level to 15/30.
It doesn't even make sense to warn someone of possible hearing damage when he has already been listening at that loud level for multiple hours.