That happened to me recently (I have a Note 3) where shortly after taking photos, they would be replaced by the same mountain-type icons within a black background. Then they would disappear completely. Do you by chance have your photos saved to a micro sd card in your phone? If so, it may be corrupt. That's what I discovered after doing a bit of online research.
I've since relocated my photos to my phone's device storage and no longer have this issue.