Yes, it has happened to me too. It happened in the past, on a Romanian mobile network, but also recently, on a Slovenian mobile network - therefore, different towers...
I have a Samsung Galaxy Ace Duos GT-S6802 with Android Gingerbread 2.3.6 (XXNE2) and I keep receiving the same messages as duplicates again and again in some kind of loop - the numbers are from different carriers [voicemail messages included!]. It has happened before, in a very random way - no repeating pattern, always different senders, but it stopped after 2 or 3 messages so I didn't bother to do anything about it.
But now this thing has gone completely out of control, the messages won't stop, I've been receiving some of them 8 times, some more than 10 and now there was one I received once at every ten minutes [3 messages at 10 minutes interval each and then the fourth comes after precisely 11 minutes and then 10 minutes again] - I got this particular one, which was from my carrier, Telekom [but it was on roaming, Mobitel] for more than 70 [yes, bloody effing seventy!!] times.
I've tried restarting the phone, using just one SIM card, I've scanned my phone with two different antivirus apps, I've already talked to one of the carriers and reported the issue - but I honestly think it's not a network fault, as it happens with BOTH SIM cards and they're from different carriers.
They suddenly stopped at some point, now everything's back to normal, but I want to make sure this never happens again - I've contacted Samsung also, as some developers of Android told me the Android versions used for the Samsung phones are "heavily customised" - so then again, it's different versions of Android. Also, I found some info about the same problem here: community.o2.co.uk/t5/Android-Devices-Samsung-HTC-Sony/Galaxy-S2-receiving-duplicate-SMS-text-messages/m-p/263980#M6141 - can't actually post the link, search this string on Google.
Will keep you posted if I receive any answer to my reports.