Welcome to Android Central! The charger might not be shielded properly, so the RF generated by the electricity could be causing the interference. This would not be surprising for a cheap car charger. Try one from a reputable brand, like Belkin.
It's because the usb dongle you are using to drop the voltage from 12 volts to 5 volts which your phone needs for charging is poorly designed, and allowing the switched mode power supply to radiate interference. Get a better dongle or you could try putting it in another 12 volt outlet in your car if you have one.