Thanks but not sure if this the answer
Hope you'll excuse my interfering here as I know I'm not really helping, more just trying to satisfy my curiosity.
As a UK user, I'm not used to seeing the E911 Location - Is this the only location, or are there other location options (i.e. is this screenshot scrolled down)?
I would have thought (hoped) that, if you allow location services to use networks only, any app calling on location services can only access what you have allowed (network only, no GPS). I'm aware (or at least I think I am) that a developer can specify whether the app is calling for coarse (WIFI or network) location or precise (GPS) location but, again, I would have thought (hoped) that, any request for precise location, where you have not permitted it, would return a null/no data/no permission response.
If I'd set locations services to use network only & then found out that my phone had been accessing GPS for 12.5 hrs, I'd be worried.
I know my ramblings are of little help but perhaps you might need to ask some questions on a developer forum and/or get your phone checked by someone with the correct expertise. Not trying to scare you - please take comfort in the fact that I don't know what I'm talking about. I'm just thinking out loud whilst trying to satisfy my own curiosity.
Edit P.S: A cursory Google search suggests maybe it's a Verizon thing - perhaps you don't have the control over location services you think you do? I'd have another look at the location requests after a full day of use.